@article{6b76a39f12b84e9bae594aa95baff0ab,
title = "Study on multi-ELVES in the Pierre Auger Observatory",
abstract = "Since 2013, the four sites of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory record ELVES with a dedicated trigger. These UV light emissions are correlated to distant lightning strikes. The length of recorded traces has been increased from 100 μs (2013), to 300 μs (2014-16), to 900 μs (2017-present), to progressively extend the observation of the light emission towards the vertical of the causative lightning and beyond. A large fraction of the observed events shows double ELVES within the time window, and, in some cases, even more complex structures are observed. The nature of the multi-ELVES is not completely understood but may be related to the different types of lightning in which they are originated. For example, it is known that Narrow Bipolar Events can produce double ELVES, and Energetic In-cloud Pulses, occurring between the main negative and upper positive charge layer of clouds, can induce double and even quadruple ELVES in the ionosphere. This report shows the seasonal and daily dependence of the time gap, amplitude ratio, and correlation between the pulse widths of the peaks in a sample of 1000+ multi-ELVES events recorded during the period 2014-20. The events have been compared with data from other satellite and ground-based sensing devices to study the correlation of their properties with lightning observables such as altitude and polarity.",
author = "{Pierre Augerb Collaboration} and A. V{\'a}squez-Ram{\'i}rez and P. Abreu and M. Aglietta and Albury, {J. M.} and I. Allekotte and A. Almela and J. Alvarez-Mu{\~n}iz and {Alves Batista}, R. and Anastasi, {G. A.} and L. Anchordoqui and B. Andrada and S. Andringa and C. Aramo and {Ara{\'u}jo Ferreira}, {P. R.} and {Arteaga Vel{\'a}zquez}, {J. C.} and H. Asorey and P. Assis and G. Avila and Badescu, {A. M.} and A. Bakalova and A. Balaceanu and F. Barbato and {Barreira Luz}, {R. J.} and Becker, {K. H.} and Bellido, {J. A.} and C. Berat and Bertaina, {M. E.} and X. Bertou and Biermann, {P. L.} and V. Binet and K. Bismark and T. Bister and J. Biteau and J. Blazek and C. Bleve and M. Boh{\'a}{\v c}ov{\'a} and D. Boncioli and C. Bonifazi and {Bonneau Arbeletche}, L. and N. Borodai and Botti, {A. M.} and J. Brack and T. Bretz and {Brichetto Orchera}, {P. G.} and Briechle, {F. L.} and P. Buchholz and A. Bueno and S. Buitink and M. Buscemi and M. B{\"u}sken and Caballero-Mora, {K. S.} and L. Caccianiga and F. Canfora and I. Caracas and Carceller, {J. M.} and R. Caruso and A. Castellina and F. Catalani and G. Cataldi and L. Cazon and M. Cerda and Chinellato, {J. A.} and J. Chudoba and L. Chytka and Clay, {R. W.} and {Cobos Cerutti}, {A. C.} and R. Colalillo and A. Coleman and Coluccia, {M. R.} and R. Concei{\c c}{\~a}o and A. Condorelli and G. Consolati and F. Contreras and F. Convenga and {dos Santos}, D. and Covault, {C. E.} and S. Dasso and K. Daumiller and Dawson, {B. R.} and Day, {J. A.} and {de Almeida}, {R. M.} and {de Jes{\'u}s}, J. and {de Jong}, {S. J.} and {De Mauro}, G. and {de Mello Neto}, {J. R.T.} and {De Mitri}, I. and {de Oliveira}, J. and {de Oliveira Franco}, D. and {de Palma}, F. and {de Souza}, V. and {De Vito}, E. and {del R{\'i}o}, M. and O. Deligny and L. Deval and {di Matteo}, A. and C. Dobrigkeit and D{\textquoteright}Olivo, {J. C.} and {Domingues Mendes}, {L. M.} and {dos Anjos}, {R. C.} and {dos Santos}, D. and Dova, {M. T.} and J. 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Hojvat and H{\"o}randel, {J. R.} and P. Horvath and M. Hrabovsk{\'y} and T. Huege and A. Insolia and Isar, {P. G.} and P. Janecek and Johnsen, {J. A.} and J. Jurysek and A. K{\"a}{\"a}p{\"a} and Kampert, {K. H.} and N. Karastathis and B. Keilhauer and J. Kemp and A. Khakurdikar and {Kizakke Covilakam}, {V. V.} and Klages, {H. O.} and M. Kleifges and J. Kleinfeller and M. K{\"o}pke and N. Kunka and Lago, {B. L.} and Lang, {R. G.} and N. Langner and {de Oliveira}, {M. A.Leigui} and V. Lenok and A. Letessier-Selvon and I. Lhenry-Yvon and {Lo Presti}, D. and L. Lopes and R. L{\'o}pez and L. Lu and Q. Luce and Lundquist, {J. P.} and {Machado Payeras}, A. and G. Mancarella and D. Mandat and Manning, {B. C.} and J. Manshanden and P. Mantsch and S. Marafico and Mariazzi, {A. G.} and Mari{\c s}, {I. C.} and G. Marsella and D. Martello and S. Martinelli and {Mart{\'i}nez Bravo}, O. and M. Mastrodicasa and Mathes, {H. J.} and J. Matthews and G. Matthiae and E. Mayotte and Mazur, {P. O.} and G. Medina-Tanco and D. Melo and A. Menshikov and Merenda, {K. D.} and S. Michal and Micheletti, {M. I.} and L. Miramonti and S. Mollerach and F. Montanet and C. Morello and M. Mostaf{\'a} and M{\"u}ller, {A. L.} and Muller, {M. A.} and K. Mulrey and R. Mussa and M. Muzio and Namasaka, {W. M.} and A. Nasr-Esfahani and L. Nellen and M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu and M. Niechciol and D. Nitz and D. Nosek and V. Novotny and L. No{\v z}ka and A. Nucita and N{\'u}{\~n}ez, {L. A.} and M. Palatka and J. Pallotta and P. Papenbreer and G. Parente and A. Parra and J. Pawlowsky and M. Pech and F. Pedreira and J. Pekala and R. Pelayo and J. Pe{\~n}a-Rodriguez and {Pereira Martins}, {E. E.} and {Perez Armand}, J. and {P{\'e}rez Bertolli}, C. and M. Perlin and L. Perrone and S. Petrera and T. Pierog and M. Pimenta and V. Pirronello and M. Platino and B. Pont and M. Pothast and P. Privitera and M. Prouza and A. Puyleart and S. Querchfeld and J. Rautenberg and D. Ravignani and M. Reininghaus and J. Ridky and F. 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Suomij{\"a}rvi and Supanitsky, {A. D.} and Z. Szadkowski and A. Tapia and C. Taricco and C. Timmermans and O. Tkachenko and P. Tobiska and {Todero Peixoto}, {C. J.} and B. Tom{\'e} and Z. Torr{\`e}s and A. Travaini and P. Travnicek and C. Trimarelli and M. Tueros and R. Ulrich and M. Unger and L. Vaclavek and M. Vacula and {Vald{\'e}s Galicia}, {J. F.} and L. Valore and E. Varela and A. V{\'a}squez-Ram{\'i}rez and D. Veberi{\v c} and C. Ventura and {Vergara Quispe}, {I. D.} and V. Verzi and J. Vicha and J. Vink and S. Vorobiov and H. Wahlberg and C. Watanabe and Watson, {A. A.} and M. Weber and A. Weindl and L. Wiencke and H. Wilczy{\'n}ski and M. Wirtz and D. Wittkowski and B. Wundheiler and A. Yushkov and O. Zapparrata and E. Zas and D. Zavrtanik and M. Zavrtanik and L. Zehrer",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright owned by the author(s).; 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021 ; Conference date: 12-07-2021 Through 23-07-2021",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
day = "18",
language = "Ingl{\'e}s",
volume = "395",
journal = "Proceedings of Science",
issn = "1824-8039",
publisher = "Sissa Medialab Srl",
}